Lengua e identidad en la Hispania romana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36707/palaeohispanica.v0i11.75Keywords:
Language and identity, Latin., Palaeohispanic Languages, Language Shift, Termes., Saguntum., Inscriptions and Coins from southern Spain., Lusitanian InscriptionsAbstract
This paper examines from the point of view of identity some literary, epigraphic and numismatic evidences illustrating the use of palaeohispanic languages during the times in which they coexisted with Latin (2nd cent. BCE-1st cent. CE). Without excluding the possibility that in some
cases the use of these languages may have indeed identity implications —as in the famous example of the Celtiberian epitaph of Ibiza (K.16.1)—, this paper attempts to refine the interpretations somewhat anachronistic and excesive that have been proposed for other documents, such as the passage of Tacitus concerning the murder of a senator in Termes (Ann. IV, 45). It attempts also to explain the conditions under which occurred the language shift, mainly voluntary, through which Latin became the dominant language in Hispania in the context of the western Mediterranean and of the Roman Empire in general, with particular attention to the different regional and cultural patterns, by examining examples such as coins and inscriptions from Saguntum or from southern Spain, or the Lusitanian inscriptions.
References
Adams 2003: J. N. Adams, Bilingualism and the Latin language, Cambridge 2003.
Adams 2003a: J. N. Adams, “Romanitas and the Latin language”, ClQ 53, 2003, 184-205.
Albertos 1966: M. L. Albertos, La onomástica personal primitiva de Hispania tarraconense y bética, Salamanca 1966.
Alexandropoulos 2000: J. Alexandropoulos, Les monnaies de l’Afrique Antique. 400 av. J.-C. - 40 ap. J.-C., Toulouse 2000.
Alfaro 1988: C. Alfaro, Las monedas de Gadir-Gades, Madrid 1988.
Alfayé y Marco 2008: S. Alfayé y F. Marco, “Religion, language and identity in Hispania: Celtiberian and Lusitanian rock inscriptions”, en: R. Häußler (ed.), Romanisation et épigraphie. Études interdisciplinaires sur l’acculturation et l’identité dans l’Empire Romain, Montagnac 2008, 281-305.
Alföldy 1969: G. Alföldy, Fasti Hispanienses, Wiesbaden 1969.
Alföldy 1984: G. Alföldy, “Drei städtlichen Eliten in Römischen Hispanien”, Gerión 2, 1984, 193-238.
Alföldy 1995: G. Alföldy, “Die Entstehung der epigraphiker Kultur der Römer an der Levanteküste”, en: F. Beltrán Lloris (ed.) 1995, 121-137.
Almagro 2008: M. Almagro, Los orígenes de los vascos, Madrid 2008.
Álvarez et al. 2004: Y. Álvarez, L. F. López, M. A. López y P. López Barja, “Dos inscripciones inéditas del castro de San Cibrián de Las (San Maro-Punxín, Ourense)”, PalHisp 4, 2004, 235-244.
Andreu 2004: J. Andreu, Edictum, Municipium y Lex: Hispania en época flavia (69-96 d.C.), Oxford 2004.
Aranegui 2002: C. Aranegui, “La ciudad singular”, en: Ripollès y Llorens 2002, 21-30.
Argente y Díaz 1996: J. L. Argente y A. Díaz, Tiermes. Guía del yacimiento y museo, Valladolid 1996.
Beltrán 1980: F. Beltrán Lloris, Epigrafía latina de Saguntum y su territorium, Valencia 1980.
Beltrán 1995: F. Beltrán Lloris, Roma y el nacimiento de la cultura epigráfica en occidente, Zaragoza 1995.
Beltrán 1997: F. Beltrán Lloris, “Epigrafía romana”, Caesaraugusta 72, 1997, 275-333.
Beltrán 2002: F. Beltrán Lloris, “Identidad cívica y adhesión al príncipe en las emisiones municipales hispanas”, en: F. Marco, F. Pina y J. Remesal (eds.), Religión y propaganda política en el mundo romano, Bar¬celona 2002, 159-187.
Beltrán 2003: F. Beltrán Lloris, “Una variante provincial del hospitium: pactos de hospitalidad y concesión de la ciudadanía local en la Hispania Tarraconense”, en: S. Armani, B. Hurlet-Martineau y A. U. Stylow (eds.), Epigrafía y sociedad Hispania durante el Alto Imperio: estructuras y relaciones sociales, Alcalá de Henares 2003, 33-56.
Beltrán 2004: F. Beltrán Lloris, “De nuevo sobre la tésera Froehner”, PalHisp 4, 2004, 45-65.
Beltrán 2004a: F. Beltrán Lloris, “Nos Celtis genitos et ex Hiberis. Apuntes sobre las identidades colectivas en Celtiberia”, en: G. Cruz Andreotti y B. Mora Serrano (eds.), Identidades étnicas - Identidades políticas en el mundo prerromano hispano, Málaga 2004, 87-145.
Beltrán 2004b: F. Beltrán Lloris, “Imagen y escritura en la moneda hispánica”, en: F. Chaves y F. J. García (eds.), Moneta qua scripta. La moneda como soporte de la escritura, Sevilla 2004,125-139.
Beltrán 2004c: F. Beltrán Lloris, “Libertos y cultura epigráfica en la Hispania republicana”, en: F. Marco, F. Pina y J. Remesal (eds.), Vivir en tierra extraña: emigración e integración cultural en el mundo antiguo, Barcelona 2004, 151-175.
Beltrán 2004d: F. Beltrán Lloris, “El latín en la Hispania romana: una perspectiva histórica”, en: R. Cano (ed.), Historia de la lengua española, Barcelona 2004, 83-106.
Beltrán 2005: F. Beltrán Lloris, “Cultura escrita, epigrafía y ciudad en el ámbito paleohispánico”, PalHisp 5, 2005, 21-56.
Beltrán e.p.: F. Beltrán Lloris, “¿Firmas de artesano o sedes de asociaciones comerciales? A propósito de los epígrafes musivos de Caminreal (E.7.1), Andelo (K.28.1) y El Burgo de Ebro (HEp 11, 2001, 621 = AE 2001, 1237)”, Innsbrucker Beiträge, en prensa.
Beltrán e.p. a: F. Beltrán Lloris, “Les colonies latines d’Hispanie (IIe siècle av. E.): émigration italique et intégration politique”, en: N. Barrandon y F. Kirbihler (eds.), Les gouverneurs et les provinciaux sous la République romaine, en prensa.
Beltrán inédito: F. Beltrán Lloris, “Diversidad cultural y epigrafía: el ejemplo de Hispania (siglos II-I a.E.)”, XII Congressus Internationalis Epigraphiae Graecae et Latinae. Prouinciae Imperii Romani inscriptionibus descriptae, Barcelona 2002.
Beltrán, de Hoz y Untermann 1996: F. Beltrán Lloris, J. de Hoz y J. Untermann, El tercer bronce de Botorrita (Contrebia Belaisca), Zaragoza 1996.
Beltrán y Estarán e.p.: F. Beltrán Lloris y M. J. Estarán, “Comunicación epigráfica e inscripciones bilingües en la Península Ibérica”, en: C. Ruiz Darasse y E. Luján (eds.), Contactos lingüísticos en la Antigüedad: el Mediterráneo occidental, en prensa.
Beltrán y Velaza 2009: F. Beltrán Lloris y J. Velaza, “De etnias y monedas: las “cecas vasconas”, una revisión crítica”, en: J. Andreu (ed.), Los vascones de las fuentes antiguas: en torno a una etnia de la antigüedad peninsular, Barcelona 2009, 99-126.
Beltrán, M. 1990: M. Beltrán Lloris, Guía de la cerámica romana, Zaragoza 1990.
Beltrán, M. 2003: M. Beltrán Lloris, “Los morteros ‘bilingües’ del valle del Ebro”, PalHisp 3, 2003, 59-69.
Bijovski 2000: G. Bijovski, “More about Pygmalion from Tyre”, Quaderni Ticinesi 29, 2000, 319-332.
Briand-Ponsart (ed.) 2005: Cl. Briand-Ponsart (ed.), Identités et cultures dans l’Algérie antique, Rouen 2005.
Briquel-Chatonnet 1991: F. Briquel-Chatonnet, “Les derniers témoignages sur la langue phénicienne en Orient”, RSF 19, 1991, 3-21.
Brunt 1961: P. A. Brunt, “Charges of provincial maladministration under the early Principate”, Historia 10, 1961, 189-227.
Búa 1997: C. Búa, “Dialectos indoeuropeos na franxa occidental hispânica”, Galicia fai dous mil anos. O feito diferencial galego, I. Historia, Santiago de Compostela 1997, 51-99.
Butcher 2003: K. Butcher, Roman Syria and the Near East, London 2003.
Caballos, Eck y Fernández 1996: A. Caballos, W. Eck y F. Fernández, El senado consulto de Gneo Pisón padre, Sevilla 1996.
Cabrero 1994: J. Cabrero, “Un nuevo epígrafe ibérico procedente de la ciudad ibero-romana de Cástulo”, Gerión 12, 1994, 301-305.
Campanile 1989: E. Campanile, “Le lingue del impero”, en: A. Momigliano y A. Schiavone (eds.), Storia di Roma. 4. Caratteri e morfologie, Torino 1989, 679-691.
Campo 1976: M. Campo, Las monedas de Ebusus, Barcelona 1976.
Campo 1993: M. Campo, “Las monedas de Ebusus”, Trabajos del Museo Arqueo¬logico de Ibiza y Formentera 31, 1993, 147-171.
Campo y Mora 1995: M. Campo y B. Mora, Las monedas de Malaca, Madrid 1995.
Carneiro, d’Encarnação, Oliveira y Teixeira 2008: A. Carneiro, J. d’Encarnação, J. de Oliveira y Cl. Teixeira, “Uma iscrição votiva em lengua lusitana”, PalHisp 8, 2008, 167-178.
Chapa et al. 2009: T. Chapa y otros, “El trabajo de los escultores ibéricos: un ejemplo de Porcuna (Jaén)”, TP 66, 2009, 161-173.
Chic 1991: G. Chic, “Economía y política en la época de Tiberio. Su reflejo en la Bética”, Laverna 2, 1991, 76-128.
Cooley 2002: A. E. Cooley (ed.), Becoming Roman, writing Latin. Literacy and epigraphy in the Roman West, Portsmouth 2002.
Correa 1982: J. A. Correa, “Singularidad del letrero indígena de las monedas de Salacia (A.103)”, Numisma 32, 1982, 69-74.
Correa 2009: J. A. Correa, “Identidad, cultura y territorio en la Andalucía prerromana a través de la lengua y la epigrafía”, en: F. Wulff y M. Álvarez (eds.), Identidades, culturas y territorios en la Andalucía prerromana, Málaga 2009, 273-295.
Crystal 2000: D. Crystal, Language death, Cambridge 2000.
De Bernardo y García 2008: P. de Bernardo y M. V. García Quintela, “Población trilingüe y divinidades del castro de Lansbriga (Prov. Ourense)”, MM 49, 2008, 254-290.
De Hoz 1982: J. de Hoz, “Crónica de lingüística y epigrafía de la Península Ibérica: 1981”, Zephyrus 34-35, 1982, 295-308.
De Hoz 1989: J. de Hoz, “El desarrollo de la escritura y las lenguas de la zona meridional”, en: M. E. Aubet (ed.), Tartessos. Arqueología pre¬histórica del Bajo Guadalquivir, Sabadell 1989, 523-587.
De Hoz 1993: J. de Hoz, “La lengua y la escritura ibéricas, y las lenguas de los íberos”, en: J. Untermann y F. Villar (eds.), Lengua y cultura en la Hispania prerromana, Salamanca 1993, 635-666.
De Hoz 2009: J. de Hoz, “El problema de los límites de la lengua ibérica como lengua vernácula”, PalHisp 9, 2009, 413-433.
De Hoz 2010: J. de Hoz, Historia lingüística de la Península Ibérica en la Antigüedad. I. Preliminares y mundo meridional prerromano, Madrid 2010.
De Hoz y Luján 2001: J. de Hoz y E. Luján, “Bibliografía de inscripciones ibéricas no recogidas en MLH”, PalHisp 1, 2001, 355-367.
De Hoz, M. P. 1997: M. P. de Hoz, “Epigrafía griega en Hispania”, Epigraphica 59, 1997, 29-94.
Derks y Roymans 2009: T. Derks y N. Roymans, “Introduction”, en: T. Derks y N. Roymans (eds.), Ethnic Constructs in Antiquity: The Role of Power and Tradition, Amsterdam 2009, 1-10.
Destrooper-Georgiades 1995: A. Destrooper-Georgiades, “La numismatique. Partim Orient”, en: V. Krings (ed.), La civilisation phénicienne et punique. Manuel de Recherche, Leiden 1995, 148 ss.
Díaz 2008: B. Díaz, Epigrafía latina republicana de Hispania, Barcelona 2008.
Dixon 1997: R. M. W. Dixon, The rise and fall of languages, Cambridge 1997.
Dubuisson 1981: M. Dubuisson, “Utraque lengua”, AntCl 50, 1981, 274-286.
Dubuisson 1982: M. Dubuisson, “Y a-t-il une politique linguistique romaine?”, Ktéma 7, 1982, 197-210.
Duval y Pinault 1986: P.-M. Duval y G. Pinault, Les calendriers, RIG III, Paris 1986.
Edmondson 2002: J. Edmondson, “Writing latin in the province of Lusitania”, en: Cooley (ed.) 2002, 41-60.
Estarán e.p.: M. J. Estarán, “La emisión bilingüe de Tamusia”, Actas del XIV Congreso Nacional de Numismática, en prensa.
Estarán e.p. a: M. J. Estarán, “Bilingüismo en las leyendas monetales: una peculiaridad de la numismática hispana y africana”, en: Actas del X encuentro de jóvenes investigadores en Historia Antigua, Madrid, en prensa.
Fatás 1993: G. Fatás (ed.), Tabula Imperii Romani. Hoja K-30: Madrid, Madrid 1993.
Fernandes, Carvalho y Figueira 2009: L. Fernandes, P. Carvalho y N. Figueira, “Divindades indígenas numa ara inédita de Viseu”, PalHisp 9, 2009, 143-155.
Fuentes 1986: M. J. Fuentes, Corpus de las inscripciones fenicias, púnicas y neopúnicas de Hispania, Barcelona 1986.
Galand 2005: L. Galand, “Le libyque en Algérie”, en: Briand-Ponsart (ed.) 2005, 59-68.
Galsterer 1971: H. Galsterer, Untersuchungen zur römische Städtewesen auf der Iberischen Halbinsel, Berlin 1971.
Garcia 1991: J. M. Garcia, Religiões antigas do Portugal, Lisboa 1991.
García y Bellido 1966: A. García y Bellido, “Las trullae argénteas de Tiermes”, AEspA 39, 1966, 113-123.
García-Bellido y Blázquez 2001: M. P. García-Bellido y C. Blázquez, Diccionario de cecas y pueblos hispánicos, Madrid 2001.
Gasperini 1992: L. Gasperini, “Sul complesso ipogeico cluniense della Cueva de Román e le sue iscrizioni”, Miscellanea Greca e Romana 17, Roma 1992, 283-296.
Gómez-Pantoja 2004: J. Gómez-Pantoja, “Una nueva (y sorprendente) inscripción de Termes (Hispania Citerior)”, Conimbriga 43, 2004, 179-189.
Gómez-Pantoja 2007: J. Gómez-Pantoja, “Una millonaria inscripción de Termes (Hispania Citerior)”, en: M. Mayer, G. Baratta y A. Guzmán (eds.), XII Congressus Internationalis Epigraphiae Graecae et Latinae. Prouinciae Imperii Romani inscriptionibus descriptae, Barcelona 2007, 589-594.
Gorrochategui 2007: J. Gorrochategui, “Lenguas y genes, aplicaciones a la prehistoria de la lengua vasca”, Veleia 24-25, 2007-08, 1185-1202.
Gorrochategui 2009: J. Gorrochategui, “Vasco antiguo: algunas cuestiones de geografía e historia lingüísticas”, PalHisp 9, 2009, 533-537.
Gorrochategui y Vallejo 2010: J. Gorrochategui y J. M. Vallejo, “Lengua y onomástica. Las inscripciones lusitanas”, en: Schattner y Santos 2010, 71-80.
Gruz, García y Gómez 2007: G. Cruz Andreotti, M. V. García Quintela y J. Gómez Espelosín, Geografía de Iberia. Estrabón, Madrid 2007
Hall 2002: J. M. Hall, Hellenicity: between ethnicity and culture, Chicago 2002.
Hernández et al. 1993: E. Hernández, M. López, I. Pascual y C. Aranegui, “El teatro romano de Sagunto”, en: Teatros romanos de Hispania, 1993, 25-42.
Heurgon 1969: M. Heurgon, “Inscriptions étrusques de Tunisie”, CRAI 1969, 526-551.
Heurgon 1969a: M. Heurgon, “Les Dardaniens en Afrique”, REL 47, 1969, 284-294.
Hoffmann 1991: C. Hoffmann, An introduction to bilingualism, London - New York 1991.
Howgego 2004: Chr. Howgego, “Coinage and identity in the Roman provinces”, en: Chr. Howgego, V. Heuchert y A. Burnett (eds.), Coinage and identity in the Roman provinces, Oxford 2004, 1-18.
IAM: Inscriptions antiques du Maroc 2. Inscriptions latines, Paris 1982.
IRT: J. M. Reynolds y J. B. Ward-Perkins, Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania, Rome 1952.
Izquierdo 1992: J. M. Izquierdo, “El planteamiento urbano del centro monumental de Termes en época julio-claudia”, Actas del 2º simposium de arqueología soriana, Soria 1992, 785-796.
Jiménez y Ribera (eds.) 2002: J. L. Jiménez y A. Ribera (eds.), Valencia y las primeras ciudades romanas de Hispania, Valencia 2002.
Jordán 2004: C. Jordán, Celtibérico, Zaragoza 2004.
Kaimio 1979: J. Kaimio, The Romans and the Greek Language, Helsinki 1979.
Kajanto 1965: I. Kajanto, The Latin cognomina, Helsinki 1965.
Keay 2001: S. Keay, “Romanization and the Hispaniae”, en: S. Keay y N. Terrenato (eds.), Italy and the West. Comparative issues in romanization, Oxford 2001, 117-144.
Kerr 2010: R. M. Kerr, Latino-Punic epigraphy. A descriptive study of the inscriptions, Tübingen 2010.
Koch 2010: M. Koch, “Postoloboso, Cabeço das Fráguas, Monte do Facho: tres ejemplos de la romanización en la parte indoeuropea de la Hispania antigua”, en: Shattner y Santos 2010, 55-62.
Kongeling y Kerr 2005: K. Jongeling y R. M. Kerr (eds.), Late Punic Epigraphy, Tübingen 2005.
Kozakai 2000: T. Kozakai, L’étranger, l’identité. Essai sur l’integration culturelle, Paris 2000.
Lambert 2002: P.-Y. Lambert, Textes gallo-latins sur instrumentum, RIG II.2, Paris 2002.
Le Roux 2011: P. Le Roux, “Identités civiques, identités provinciales dans l’Empire Romain”, en: A. Caballos y S. Lefebvre (eds.), Roma generadora de identidades. La experiencia hispana, Madrid 2011, 7-19.
Legrand 2005: D. Legrand, “Langues en Afrique antique”, en: Briand-Ponsart 2005, 119-125.
Lepelley 2005: Cl. Lepelley, “Témoignages de saint Augustin sur l’ampleur et les limites de l’usage de la langue punique dans l’Afrique de son temps”, en: Briand-Ponsart 2005, 127-153.
Llorens 2002: Mª M. Llorens, “Las imágenes”, en Ripollès y Llorens 2002, 63-120.
López 1992: J. L. López Castro, “La colonización fenicia de la Península Ibérica: 100 años de investigación”, La colonización fenicia en el sur de la Península Ibérica, Almería 1992.
López 1995: J. L. López Castro, Hispania Poena, Barcelona 1995.
Mangas y Martínez 2003: J. Mangas y S. Martínez, “Nueva inscripción de Termes: propuestas para una discusión”, Gerión 21, 2003, 9-15.
Mangas y Martínez 2004: J. Mangas y S. Martínez Caballero, “Nuevas inscripciones romanas de Termes (Tiermes, Soria)”, Veleia 21, 2004, 289-300.
Marco 2005: F. Marco, “Religion and religious practices of the ancient Celts of the Iberian peninsula”, E-Keltoi 6, 2005, 287-346.
Marcy 1936: G. Marcy, Les inscriptions libyques bilingues de l’Afrique du nord, Paris 1936.
Martínez y Santos 2005: S. Martínez Caballero y J. Santos, “Pervivencias indígenas en la Termes romana. Elementos para su evaluación”, PalHisp 5, 2005, 685-706.
Mayer y Abásolo 1997: M. Mayer y J. A. Abásolo, “Inscripciones latinas”, en: M. S. Corchón (ed.), La cueva de La griega de Pedraza (Segovia), Zamora 1997, 183-256.
Mayer y González 1995: M. Mayer y A. González Blanco, “Novedades en la Cueva Negra (Fortuna, Murcia)”, en: A. Rodríguez Colmenero y L. Gasperini (eds.), Saxa scripta, A Coruña 1995, 109-115.
Mazard 1955: J. Mazard, Corpus nummorum Numidiae Mauretaniaeque, Paris 1955.
Millar 1968: F. Millar, “Local cultures in the Roman Empire: Libyan, Punic and Latin”, JRS 58, 1968, 126-134.
Millar 1983: F. Millar, “The Phoenician cities: a case-study of Hellenisation”, ProcCambrPhilSoc 219, 1983, 55-71.
Millar 1993: F. Millar, The Roman Near East 31 BC-337 AD, Cambridge MA - London 1993.
MLH : J. Untermann, Monumenta linguarum Hispanicarum, I-V, Wiesbaden 1975-2000.
Moralejo 1979: J. L. Moralejo, Cornelio Tácito. Anales. Libros I-VI, Madrid 1979.
Moralejo 2011: J. L. Moralejo, “Mumio vuelve a Itálica. De nuevo sobre CIL I2 630, II 119”, ZPE 177, 2011, 289-297.
Morena 1989: J. A. Morena, El santuario ibérico de Torreparedones (Castro del Río-Baena, Córdoba), Córdoba 1989.
Mullen 2007: A. Mullen, “Linguistic evidence for ‘romanization’: continuity and change in Romano-British onomastics: a study of the epigraphic record with particular reference to Bath”, Britannia 38, 2007, 35-61.
Navarro y Ramírez 2003: M. Navarro y J. L. Ramírez Sádaba (eds.), Atlas antroponímico de la Lusitania romana, Mérida - Burdeos 2003.
Neumann y Untermann 1980: G. Neumann y J. Untermann (eds.), Die Sprachen im Römischen Reich der Kaiserzeit, Bonn 1980.
Oden 1981: R. A. Oden, Philo of Byblos: the Phoenician history, Washington 1981.
Olivares 2002: J. C. Olivares, Los dioses de la Hispania céltica, Madrid 2002.
Pachón, Fuentes e Hinojosa 2002: J. A. Pachón, T. Fuentes y A. R. Hinojosa, “Relieve antropomorfo e inscripción ibérica de cerro Boyero (Valen¬zuela, Córdoba)”, Complutum 12, 2002, 117-133.
Palol y Vilella 1987: P. de Palol y J. Vilella, Clunia II. La epigrafía, Madrid 1987.
Pérez et al. 1985: J. Pérez Igualada, M. López Piñol, A. Mantillas, E. Hernández y C. Aranegui, “La data de construcció del teatre romà de Sagunt”, Fonaments 5, 1985, 129-136.
Prósper 2002: B. M. Prósper, Lenguas y religiones prerromanas del occidente de la Península Ibérica, Salamanca 2002.
Rebuffat 2007: R. Rebuffat, “Pour un corpus des bilingues punico-libyques et latino-libyques”, en: M. H. Fantar (ed.), Osmose etnho-culturelle en Méditerranée, Tunis 2007, 183-242.
RIG: P.-M. Duval (ed.), Recueil des inscriptions gauloises, I-IV, Paris 1985-2002.
Ripollès 1988: P. P. Ripollès, La ceca de Valentia, Valencia 1988.
Ripollès 2002: P. P. Ripollès, “La ordenación y la cronología de las emisio¬nes”, en: Ripollès y Llorens 2002, 273-302.
Ripollès y Llorens 2002: P. P. Ripollès y M. M. Llorens, Arse-Saguntum. Historia monetaria de la ciudad y su territorio, Sagunto 2002.
Ripollès y Velaza 2002: P. P. Ripollès y J. Velaza, “Saguntum, colonia latina”, ZPE 141, 2002, 285-291.
Robinson 1997: M. Robinson, “Phoenician inscriptions on the late Roman bronze coinage of Tyre, part 1. A coin depicting Pygmalion”, The Numis¬matic Circular 105.6, 1997, 199-201.
Robinson 1997a: M. Robinson, “Phoenincian inscriptions on the late Roman bronze coinage of Tyre, part 2. Coins with Elissa / Dido reverse”, The Numismatic Circular 105.7, 1997, 234-236.
Roca 1984: F. Roca, “Nuevos restos epigráficos del término de Sagunto”, Arse 19, 1984, 56-58.
Roca 1985: F. Roca, “Lápidas inéditas de Sagunto”, Arse 20, 1985, 59-64.
Roca 1986: F. Roca, “Epigrafía de Sagunto”, Arse 21, 1986, 67-72.
Roca 1988: F. Roca, “Epigrafía latina saguntina”, Arse 23, 1988, 79-86.
Rodríguez 2001: J. Rodríguez Ramos, “El término (t)eban(en) en la lengua íbera: coeravit vs. filius”, Arse 35, 2001, 59-85.
Röllig 1980: W. Röllig, “Das Punische im Römischen Reich”, en: Neumann y Untermann (eds.) 1980, 285-299.
Rössler 1980: O. Rössler, “Libyen von der Cyrenaica bis zur Mauretania Tingitana”, en: Neumann y Untermann (eds.), 1980, 267-284.
Salinas 1995: M. Salinas, “Los inicios de la epigrafía en Lusitania oriental”, en: Beltrán Lloris (ed.) 1995, 281-291.
Santiago 1990: R. A. Santiago, “En torno a los nombres antiguos de Sagunto”, Saguntum 23, 1990, 123-140.
Santiago 1994: R. A. Santiago, “Enigmas en torno a Saguntum y Rhoda”, Faventia 16, 1994, 51-64.
Santiago y Sanmartí 1987: R. A. Santiago y E. Sanmartí, “Une lettre grecque sur plomb trouvée à Emporion (Fouilles 1985)”, ZPE 68, 1987, 119-127.
Schattner y Santos 2010: Th. Schattner y M. J. Santos en: Iberografias 6, 2010.
Schmidt 1980: R. Schmidt, “Die Ostgrenze von Armenien über Mesopo-tamien, Syrien bis Arabien” en: Neumann y Untermann (eds.) 1980, 187-214.
Schulten 1959: A. Schulten, Las fuentes desde César hasta el siglo V d. de J. C., Fontes Hispaniae Antiquae VIII, Barcelona 1959.
Seignobos 1969: Ch. Seignobos, Histoire sincère de la nation française, Paris 1969.
Sherk 1970: R. K. Sherk, The municipal decrees of the Roman West, Buffalo 1970.
Silgo y Gozalbes 1996: L. Silgo y M. Gozalbes, “Nuevo plomo ibérico de Sagunto”, Arse 31, 1996-1997, 81-90.
Simón e.p.: I. Simón, Los soportes de la epigrafía paleohispánica, Zaragoza en prensa.
Solin y Salomies 1988: H. Solin y O. Sallomies, Repertorium nominum gentilium et cognominum Latinorum, Hildesheim 1988.
Stylow y Mayer 1987: A. U. Stylow y M. Mayer, “Los tituli de la Cueva Negra. Lectura y comentarios literarios y paleográficos”, en: A. González Blanco, M. Mayer y A. U. Stylow (eds.), La Cueva Negra de Fortuna (Murcia) y sus tituli picti. Un santuario de época romana, 1987, 191-236.
Syme 1956: R. Syme, “Some Pisones in Tacitus”, JRS 46, 1956, 17-21.
Untermann 1995: J. Untermann, “La lengua ibérica: nuestro conocimiento y tareas futuras”, Veleia 12, 1995, 243-256.
Untermann 2005: J. Untermann, “La lengua ibérica en el País Valenciano”, en: O. Mercadal (ed.), XIII Col•loqui internacional d’Arqueologia de Puigcerdà. Món ibèric als Països Catalans, II, Puigcerdà, 2005, 1135-1150.
Vallejo 2005: J. M. Vallejo, Antroponimia indígena de la Lusitania romana, Vitoria 2005.
Velaza 1994: J. Velaza, “Iberisch eban, teban”, ZPE 104, 1994, 142-150.
Velaza 2002: J. Velaza, “Chronica epigraphica Iberica IV”, PalHisp 2, 2002, 411-414.
Velaza 2002: J. Velaza, “Las inscripciones monetales”, en: Ripollès y Llorens 2002, 121-148.
Velaza 2003: J. Velaza, “La epigrafía ibérica emporitana: bases para una reconsideración”, PalHisp 3, 2003, 179-192.
Velaza 2004 : J. Velaza, “Palinodia sobre la inscripción ibérica del Teatro de Sagunto”, PalHisp 4, 2004, 215-216.
Velaza 2008: J. Velaza, “Chronica epigraphica Iberica VIII (2006)”, PalHisp 8, 2008, 301-312.
Velaza 2009: J. Velaza, “Escritura, autorrepresentación y poder en el mundo ibérico”, Cultura Escrita y Sociedad 9, 2009, 144-167.
Vicente y Ezquerra 2003: J. Vicente y B. Ezquerra, “La tésera de Lazuro: un nuevo documento celtibérico en ‘La Caridad’ (Caminreal, Teruel)”, PalHisp 3, 2003, 251-269.
Villar y Pedrero 2001: F. Villar y R. Pedrero, “Arroyo de la Luz III”, PalHisp 1, 2001, 235-274.
Villar y Prósper 2005: F. Villar y B. Prósper, Vascos, celtas e indoeuropeos. Genes y lenguas, Salamanca 2005.
Villar y Prósper 2009: F. Villar y B. Prósper, “Nueva inscripción lusitana procedente de Portalegre”, Emerita 77, 2009, 1-32.
Villaronga 1977: L. Villaronga, The aes coinage of Emporion, Oxford 1977.
Villaronga 1994: L. Villaronga, Corpus nummum Hispaniae ante Augusti aeta¬tem, Madrid 1994.
Vittinghoff 1951: F. Vittinghoff, Römische Kolonisation und Bürgerrechtspolitik unter Caesar und Augustus, Wiesbaden 1951.
Wienreich 1953: U. Weinreich, Languages in contact, New York 1953.
Wiegels 1985: R. Wiegels, Die Tribusinschriften des römischen Hispaniens, Berlin 1985.
Woolf 2002: G. Woolf, “Afterword. How the Latin West was won”, en: Cooley 2002, 181-188.
Zamora 2005: J. Á. Zamora, “La práctica de escribir entre los primeros fenicios peninsulares y la introducción de la escritura entre los pueblos paleohispánicos”, PalHisp 5, 2005, 155-192.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Professional standards and ethical policies
a) Palaeohispanica’s editorial board
Details concerning the journal’s internal organization can be found at this website.
b) Authors’ responsibilities
As an implicit condition for publishing in Palaeohispanica, authors are expected to adhere to all the ethical and professional principles that are shared across all research fields and academic publications. By submitting a contribution for peer review, potential authors guarantee that their work is original, that it constitutes a significant contribution to its research field and has not been published elsewhere.
All submitted manuscripts ought to contain bibliographic references at the end of the paper as well as an indication of how the research that culminated in the article was funded.
Likewise, authors must agree to incorporate any relevant changes that peer reviewers suggest as well as to include any recommendations that the editorial committee includes in the manuscript’s proofs at the end of the editorial process.
The journal expects its authors, reviewers, editors and staff members to all conduct themselves professionally by treating others with respect and civility. Should any sort of untoward situation arise, such as (self) plagiarism, conflicts of interest or aggressive behaviour on the author’s part, the following actions will be taken:
- Plagiarism and the republication of articles
Plagiarism is defined as the reproduction of a text or other materials found in different publications without the original source being adequately cited. Accordingly, material can still be plagiarized even when it has been tweaked or paraphrased. Plagiarism constitutes a serious ethical violation; furthermore, there can be legal ramifications for violating an author’s rights in cases where the reproduced material has been previously published. Authors who want to cite published work must do so by including complete references to the original materials and by including any quotations within quotation marks. Graphs and images can only be reproduced with the express permission of the original author and must include a citation below said image or graphic according to the rules laid out on the journal’s website. If a peer reviewer or the editorial board detects any instance of plagiarism (whether of one’s own or another’s work), the manuscript will automatically be disqualified.
- Conflicts of interest
In most instances an individual who works at the same institution as an author or one of the co-authors is automatically barred from evaluating a potential contribution. The journal’s editors must always be aware of possible conflicts of interest and are required to recuse themselves from any decision-making process, whenever there is even the appearance of a possible conflict of interest.
c) The peer-review process
Palaeohispanica employs peers to evaluate externally all contributions, with this being understood as obtaining the opinion of an established expert over the merits of every potential contribution. In addition to completing the relevant form, reviewers are expected to suggest any pertinent bibliography that was not included in the original version of the manuscript.
Furthermore, the peer-review process is double blind, meaning that both authors’ anonymity as well as the reviewers’ impartiality and independence are guaranteed. Reader reviews will be treated with the utmost confidentiality. As is the case with all respectable research journals, the editors of Palaeohispanicawill not share with a third party the identity of a peer reviewer, the contents of his or her review or any correspondence resulting from the review process. Likewise, reviewers are required to adhere to the same strict standard of confidentiality: neither manuscripts nor the contents of any correspondence between an author and the editors can be shared with a third party without the written and express consent of the journal’s editors.
While strictly speaking authors are not held to the same standards (they can, for instance, solicit advice from co-authors and colleagues as they revise and amend a manuscript in accordance with the recommendations found in a reviewer’s report), the public airing of a reviewer’s report or of the correspondence with the editorial team constitutes untoward behavior. Any author who acts in such a way will automatically forfeit his or her right to the journal’s confidentiality.
- Aggressive behaviour
Should the editorial committee be made aware of any untoward behaviour on the author’s part towards external reviewers, other authors or the journal’s editors/staff, that author’s submission will immediately be withdrawn from the consideration process.
All participants in the publication process, including editors, authors, peer reviewers, and member’s of the journal’s staff are expected to meet basic standards of professional courtesy and to respect the fundamental rules and guidelines concerning the peer-review and publication processes. Under any circumstance, personal attacks and verbal assault (whether expressed orally or through writing) are completely unacceptable. Accordingly, the journal reserves the right to reject the contribution of any author who repeatedly violates these principles or refuses to cooperate with the editors and reviewers during the normal evaluation and publication processes.
d) Editorial ethics
The editorial team at Palaeohispanica will bring an end to any dishonest research practice by submitting every proposal to a careful review process that will begin before the selection of possible peer reviewers. Should anything questionable be detected, an author will be asked to provide relevant explanations and then be told to review his/her text so as to meet the journal’s quality standards. If an author does not make the requested changes, the manuscript will not be submitted for double-blind peer review and, accordingly, will not be published. The editorial board is always available to discuss and debate with authors any misunderstanding that could have given rise to such a situation.
e) Copyright and journal access
Journal content falls under the protection of licence Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA. Access the all journal content is open and free of charge.
f) Journal archive
Given that the Institución Fernando el Católico is an established and important publishing house, it is extremely unlikely that access to the journal’s contents could be compromised in anyway within the foreseeable future. The contents of Palaeohispanica will be stored in IFC’s servers even if the journal ceases to be published.
g) Ownership and management of the journal
The journal Palaeohispanica is edited and run by the institution «Fernando el Católico», an independent entity of the Excelentísima Diputación de Zaragoza.
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.
Privacy policy
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portabilityby contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
The IFC’s privacy and data protection policy can be consulted at https://tiendaifc.dpz.es/Sites/dpz/paginasPersonalizadas/Modelo2/inicio.aspx. It can also be found in the journal’s the top navigation menu: http://ifc.dpz.es/ojs/index.php/palaeohispanica/dpd
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.