Hacia una definición del lusitano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36707/palaeohispanica.v0i13.165Keywords:
Lusitania, Palaeohispanic Languages, Pre-roman Languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Lusitanian Language, Celtic Languages, Onomastics, Personal Names, Divine Names, Place NamesAbstract
The aim of this paper is to establish a corpus of linguistic elements belonging to Lusitanian language; this will be very helpfull, in turn, to comprehend in a better way the area occupied by this palaeohispanic lan- guage. Considering the texts and the local onomastics as a start point, the first elements for the corpus are proposed, and the common features are analysed.
References
Albertos 1966: M.ª L. Abertos Firmat, La onomástica personal primitiva de Hispania: Tarraconense y Bética, Salamanca 1966.
Albertos 1987: M.ª L. Albertos Firmat, “Las aspiradas en las lenguas paleohispánicas: la F y la H”, IV CLCP, 139-143.
Ballester 2004: X. Ballester, “‘Páramo’ o del problema de la */p/ en celtoide”, Studi Celtici 3, 2004, 45-56.
De Bernardo 2002: P. De Bernardo Stempel, “Centro y áreas laterales: la formación del celtibérico sobre el fondo del celta peninsular hispano”, PalHisp 2, 2002, 89-132.
De Bernardo y G. Quintela 2008: P. De Bernardo Stempel y M. V. García Quintela, “Población trilingüe y divinidades del Castro de Lansbriga (prov. Ourense)”, MM 49, 2008, 254-290.
De Bernardo y Sanz 2009: P. De Bernardo y C. Sanz Mínguez, 2009, “Nueva estela funeraria romana, con una onomástica céltica, de Padilla de Duero (Peñafiel, Valladolid)”, BSAA Arqueología 75, 2009, 223-242.
Blázquez 1962: J. M.ª Blázquez, Religiones primitivas de Hispania I, Fuentes literarias y epigráficas, Roma 1962.
Búa 1997: C. Búa, “Dialectos indoeuropeos na franxa occidental hispánica”, en G. Pereira (ed.), Galicia fai dous mil anos. O feito diferencial galego. I Historia 1, Santiago de Compostela, 1997, 51-99.
Búa 2000: Búa Carballo, J. C., Estudio de la teonimia lusitano-gallega, Universidad de Salamanca, 2000, Tesis doctoral inédita.
CIRG: Baños Rodríguez, G., Corpus de inscricións romanas de Galicia, II. Provincia de Pontevedra, Santiago de Compostela 1994.
III CLCP: J. de Hoz (ed.), Actas del III Coloquio sobre Lenguas y Culturas Paleohispánicas (Lisboa, 5-8 Noviembre 1980), Salamanca 1985.
IV CLCP: J. Gorrochategui, J. L. Melena y J. Santos (eds.), Studia Palaeohispanica. Actas del IV Coloquio sobre Lenguas y Culturas Paleohispánicas (Vitoria/Gasteiz, 6-10 Mayo 1985), Vitoria 1987.
Edmondson 2002: J. Edmonson, “Writing latin in the province of Lusitania”, en: E. Cooley (ed.), Becoming Roman, writing Latin, Portsmouth, Rhode Island, 2002, 41-60.
Elena, Mar y Martins 2008: A. G. Elena, R. Mar y M. Martins, A Fonte do Ídolo. Análise, interpretação e reconstituição do santuário, Bracara Augusta, Escavações Arqueológicas, Braga 2008.
Encarnação 1975; J. d’Encarnação, Divindades indígenas sob o domínio romano em Portugal, Lisboa 1975.
Evans 1979: D. E. Evans, “The labyrinth of Continental Celtic”, Proceedings of the British Academy 65, 1979, 497-538.
García Alonso 2009: J. L. García Alonso, “Lenguas indoeuropeas prerromanas en el noroeste peninsular”, PalHisp 9, 2009, 163-174.
García Alonso 2011: J. L. García Alonso, “Oclusivas aspiradas, celtas y lusitanos”, en: E. Luján y J. L. García Alonso (eds.), A Greek man in the Iberian street, Papers in Linguistics and Epigraphy in Honour of Javier de Hoz, Innsbruck 2011, 175-189.
Gorrochategui 1986: J. Gorrochategui, “Sobre Lengua e Historia: comentarios de lingüística diacrónica vasca y paleohispánica”, Anuario del Seminario Julio de Urquijo 20:2, 1986, 507-531.
Gorrochategui 1987: J. Gorrochategui, “En torno a la clasificación del lusitano”, IV CLCP, 76-92.
Gorrochategui 1994: J. Gorrochategui, “La declinación céltica de los temas en -a y los datos hispanos”, en: R. Bielmeier & R. Stempel (eds.), Indogermanica et Caucasica (Festschrift K. H. Schmidt), Berlin-New York 1994, 316-330.
Gorrochategui 1997: J. Gorrochategui, “Gallaecia e as linguas prerromanas da Península Ibérica”, en G. Pereira (ed.), Galicia fai dous mil anos. O feito diferencial galego. I Historia 1, Santiago de Compostela, 1997, 15-49.
Gorrochategui y Vallejo 2010: J. Gorrochategui y J. M.ª Vallejo, “Lengua y onomástica: las inscripciones lusitanas”, en Actas de las jornadas Porcom, oilam, taurom. Cabeço das Fráguas: o santuário no seu contexto, celebradas en Guarda (Portugal) el 23 de abril de 2010, Revista Iberografias 6, 2010, 71-80.
Gorrochategui y Vallejo e.p.: J. Gorrochategui J. M.ª Vallejo, “Langues fragmentaires et aires onomastiques: le cas de la Lusitanie et de l’Aquitaine”, para el Coloquio Les langues d'attestation fragmentaire dans l'espace méditerranéen au Ier millénaire avant notre ère: Inscriptions, genres épigraphiques et analyse socio-linguistique, celebrado en Rouen (Francia) los días 25-27 junio de 2012, e.p.
Hesperia: Banco de Datos Hesperia. Dirección URL http://hesperia.ucm.es
IEW: J. Pokorny, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Bern-München, 1959.
IRG: Lorenzo Fernández, J. (ed.), Inscripciones romanas de Galicia, IV. Provincia de Orense, Santiago 1968.
IRLugo: F. Arias Vilas, P. Le Roux y A. Tranoy, Inscriptions romaines de la province de Lugo, Paris 1979.
Lambert 2003: P.-Y. Lambert, La langue gauloise, Paris, 20032 [1994].
Le Roux y Tranoy 1984: P. Le Roux y A. Tranoy, “L’Épigraphie du Nord du Portugal: Bilan et perspectives”, Conimbriga 23, 1984, 19-41.
LIV: Rix, H. (coord.), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (Die Wurzeln und ihre Primärstammbildungen), Wiesbaden 1998.
Michelena 1959: Michelena, L., reseña a “Palomar Lapesa, La onomástica personal...”, BRSVAP 15, 1959, 89-93.
Michelena 1963: Michelena, L., Lenguas y protolenguas, Salamanca 1963.
MLH IV: J. Untermann, J., Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum, IV: Die tartessischen, keltiberischen und lusitanischen Inschriften, Wiesbaden 1997.
Olivares 2002: J.C. Olivares, Los dioses de la Hispania céltica, Madrid 2002.
Olivares 2005: J. C. Olivares, “Celtic Gods of the Iberian Peninsula”, en e- Keltoi: The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula, Volume 6, 2005, 607-649.
Palomar 1957: M. Palomar Lapesa, La onomástica personal pre-latina de la antigua Lusitania. Estudio lingüístico, Salamanca 1957.
Prósper 1996: B. Prósper, “Una nota sobre la clasificación dialectal del lusitano: la conjunción indi”, en: A. Agud, J. A. Fernández Delgado y A. Ramos Guerreira (eds.), Las lenguas de corpus y sus problemas lingüísticos, Madrid 1996, 69-76.
Prósper 2002: B. M.ª Prósper, Lenguas y religiones prerromanas del occidente de la Península Ibérica, Salamanca 2002.
Prósper 2004: B. M.ª Prósper, “Varia Palaeohispanica Occidentalia”, PalHisp 4, 2004, 169-194.
Prósper y Villar 2009: B. M.ª Prósper y F. Villar, “Nueva inscripción lusitana procedente de Portalegre”, Em 77, 2009, 1-32.
Santos 2010: M. J. Correia Santos, “O Cabeço das Fráguas e a concepção de espaço sagrado na Hispania indo-europeia”, en Actas de las jornadas Porcom, oilam, taurom. Cabeço das Fráguas: o santuário no seu contexto, celebradas en Guarda (Portugal) el 23 de abril de 2010, Revista Iberografias 6, 2010, 131-141.
Schmidt 1985: K. H. Schmidt, “A Contribution to the Identification of Lusitanian”, III CLCP, 319-342.
Schmoll 1959: U. Schmoll, Die Sprachen der vorkeltischen Indogermanen Hispaniens und das Keltiberische, Wiesbaden 1959.
Tovar 1958: A. Tovar, “Das Keltiberische, ein neuer Zweig des Festlandkeltischen”, Kratylos 3, 1958, 1-14.
Tovar 1968: A. Tovar, “La lengua lusitana y los sustratos hispánicos”, Actas del XI Congreso Internacional de Lingüística y Filología Románicas (Madrid 1965), 1968, 491-497.
Tovar 1985: A. Tovar, “La inscripción de Cabeço das Fráguas y la lengua de los lusitanos”, III CLCP, 227-253 (revisión ampliada de “L’inscription du Cabeço das Fraguas et la langue des Lusitaniens”, EC 11, 2, 1966- 1967, 237-268).
Tovar 1987: A. Tovar, “Lenguas y pueblos de la Antigua Hispania. Lo que sabemos de nuestros antepasados protohistóricos”, IV CLCP, 15-34.
Untermann 1965: J. Untermann, Elementos de un atlas antroponímico de la Hispania antigua, Madrid 1965.
Untermann 1983: J. Untermann, “Die althispanischen Sprachen”, en: W. Haase y H. Temporini, eds., Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt, vol II, Berlin 1983, 791-818.
Untermann 1985: J. Untermann, “Los teónimos de la región lusitano-gallega como fuente de las lenguas indígenas, III CLCP, 343-363.
Untermann 1987: J. Untermann, “Lusitanisch, Keltiberisch, Keltisch”, IV CLCP, 57-76.
Untermann 2010: J. Untermann, “Las divinidades del Cabeço das Fráguas y la gramática de la lengua lusitana” en Actas de las jornadas Porcom, oilam, taurom. Cabeço das Fráguas: o santuário no seu contexto, celebradas en Guarda (Portugal) el 23 de abril de 2010, Revista Iberografias 6, 2010, 81-88.
Vallejo 2004: J. M.ª Vallejo, “El cierre -e- > -ei- en la antroponimia hispana y su delimitación geográfica”, Veleia 21, 2004, 115-125.
Vallejo 2005: J. M.ª Vallejo, Antroponimia indígena de la Lusitania romana, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2005.
Vallejo 2009: J. M.ª Vallejo, “Viejas y nuevas cuestiones de lengua en el occidente peninsular: el lusitano y la onomástica”, PalHisp 9, 271-289. Vasconcelos 1905: J. Leite de Vasconcelos, 1905, Religiões da Lusitania, vol. II, Lisboa.
Wodtko 2009: D. S. Wodtko, “Language Contact in Lusitania”, Internation- al Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction 6 / 1, 2009, 1-48.
Wodtko 2010: D. S. Wodtko, “The problem of Lusitanian”, in: B. Cunliffe y J. T. Koch (eds.), Celtic from the West. Alternative Perspectives from Archaeology, Genetics, Language, and Literature, Oxford, 2010, 335-367.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Professional standards and ethical policies
a) Palaeohispanica’s editorial board
Details concerning the journal’s internal organization can be found at this website.
b) Authors’ responsibilities
As an implicit condition for publishing in Palaeohispanica, authors are expected to adhere to all the ethical and professional principles that are shared across all research fields and academic publications. By submitting a contribution for peer review, potential authors guarantee that their work is original, that it constitutes a significant contribution to its research field and has not been published elsewhere.
All submitted manuscripts ought to contain bibliographic references at the end of the paper as well as an indication of how the research that culminated in the article was funded.
Likewise, authors must agree to incorporate any relevant changes that peer reviewers suggest as well as to include any recommendations that the editorial committee includes in the manuscript’s proofs at the end of the editorial process.
The journal expects its authors, reviewers, editors and staff members to all conduct themselves professionally by treating others with respect and civility. Should any sort of untoward situation arise, such as (self) plagiarism, conflicts of interest or aggressive behaviour on the author’s part, the following actions will be taken:
- Plagiarism and the republication of articles
Plagiarism is defined as the reproduction of a text or other materials found in different publications without the original source being adequately cited. Accordingly, material can still be plagiarized even when it has been tweaked or paraphrased. Plagiarism constitutes a serious ethical violation; furthermore, there can be legal ramifications for violating an author’s rights in cases where the reproduced material has been previously published. Authors who want to cite published work must do so by including complete references to the original materials and by including any quotations within quotation marks. Graphs and images can only be reproduced with the express permission of the original author and must include a citation below said image or graphic according to the rules laid out on the journal’s website. If a peer reviewer or the editorial board detects any instance of plagiarism (whether of one’s own or another’s work), the manuscript will automatically be disqualified.
- Conflicts of interest
In most instances an individual who works at the same institution as an author or one of the co-authors is automatically barred from evaluating a potential contribution. The journal’s editors must always be aware of possible conflicts of interest and are required to recuse themselves from any decision-making process, whenever there is even the appearance of a possible conflict of interest.
c) The peer-review process
Palaeohispanica employs peers to evaluate externally all contributions, with this being understood as obtaining the opinion of an established expert over the merits of every potential contribution. In addition to completing the relevant form, reviewers are expected to suggest any pertinent bibliography that was not included in the original version of the manuscript.
Furthermore, the peer-review process is double blind, meaning that both authors’ anonymity as well as the reviewers’ impartiality and independence are guaranteed. Reader reviews will be treated with the utmost confidentiality. As is the case with all respectable research journals, the editors of Palaeohispanicawill not share with a third party the identity of a peer reviewer, the contents of his or her review or any correspondence resulting from the review process. Likewise, reviewers are required to adhere to the same strict standard of confidentiality: neither manuscripts nor the contents of any correspondence between an author and the editors can be shared with a third party without the written and express consent of the journal’s editors.
While strictly speaking authors are not held to the same standards (they can, for instance, solicit advice from co-authors and colleagues as they revise and amend a manuscript in accordance with the recommendations found in a reviewer’s report), the public airing of a reviewer’s report or of the correspondence with the editorial team constitutes untoward behavior. Any author who acts in such a way will automatically forfeit his or her right to the journal’s confidentiality.
- Aggressive behaviour
Should the editorial committee be made aware of any untoward behaviour on the author’s part towards external reviewers, other authors or the journal’s editors/staff, that author’s submission will immediately be withdrawn from the consideration process.
All participants in the publication process, including editors, authors, peer reviewers, and member’s of the journal’s staff are expected to meet basic standards of professional courtesy and to respect the fundamental rules and guidelines concerning the peer-review and publication processes. Under any circumstance, personal attacks and verbal assault (whether expressed orally or through writing) are completely unacceptable. Accordingly, the journal reserves the right to reject the contribution of any author who repeatedly violates these principles or refuses to cooperate with the editors and reviewers during the normal evaluation and publication processes.
d) Editorial ethics
The editorial team at Palaeohispanica will bring an end to any dishonest research practice by submitting every proposal to a careful review process that will begin before the selection of possible peer reviewers. Should anything questionable be detected, an author will be asked to provide relevant explanations and then be told to review his/her text so as to meet the journal’s quality standards. If an author does not make the requested changes, the manuscript will not be submitted for double-blind peer review and, accordingly, will not be published. The editorial board is always available to discuss and debate with authors any misunderstanding that could have given rise to such a situation.
e) Copyright and journal access
Journal content falls under the protection of licence Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA. Access the all journal content is open and free of charge.
f) Journal archive
Given that the Institución Fernando el Católico is an established and important publishing house, it is extremely unlikely that access to the journal’s contents could be compromised in anyway within the foreseeable future. The contents of Palaeohispanica will be stored in IFC’s servers even if the journal ceases to be published.
g) Ownership and management of the journal
The journal Palaeohispanica is edited and run by the institution «Fernando el Católico», an independent entity of the Excelentísima Diputación de Zaragoza.
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.
Privacy policy
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portabilityby contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
The IFC’s privacy and data protection policy can be consulted at https://tiendaifc.dpz.es/Sites/dpz/paginasPersonalizadas/Modelo2/inicio.aspx. It can also be found in the journal’s the top navigation menu: http://ifc.dpz.es/ojs/index.php/palaeohispanica/dpd
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.