An Iberian lead inscription from Casinos (Valencia) with lexical numerals and metrological expressions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36707/palaeohispanica.v0i14.54Keywords:
Iberian language, Iberian script, Llíria, Casinos, Numerals, SpoliationAbstract
The lead sheet that is analysed in this work has recently been donated to the Archaeological Museum of Llíria and supposedly comes from an archaeological site of the Casinos environment. The presence of two metro-logical expressions that belong to the a-o-ki system, one on each side, clearly indicates that this is a lead sheet with an administrative function that records an accounting or business operation. It has to be pointed out that this lead sheet adds new positive contextual arguments to consider lexical numerals sisbi (7), śei (6), bi / bin (2), perhaps also abaŕ (10), since they all appear unequivocally in a metrological context and in one case combining between them to form a complex numeral: sisbibeiabin, probably the fraction 2/7. Unfortunately, these text do not provide any data that confirm the assumed value of these elements that come from their formal similarities with Basque numerals.
References
Almagro 2006: M. Almagro-Gorbea, “Precisiones y correcciones sobre algunes téseras celtibéricas de la Real Academia de la Historia”, PalHisp 6, 2006, 281-293.
Aquilué y Velaza 2001: X. Aquilué y J. Velaza, “Nueva inscripción ibérica ampuri¬tana”, PalHisp1, 2001, 277-289.
Asensio etal.2003: D. Asensio, M. Miró, J. Sanmartí y J. Velaza, “Inscripción ibérica sobre plomo procedente de Castellet de Banyoles (Tivissa)”, PalHisp3, 2003, 195-204.
Ballester 2006: X. Ballester, “Anexo. Comentario grafemático y lingüístico al plomo ibérico de Grau Vell”, Arqueomediterrània 9, 2006, 103-104.
Beltrán et al. 2009: F. Beltrán, C. Jordán e I. Simón, “Revisión y balance del corpus de téseras celtibéricas”, en: XCLCP, Zaragoza 2009, 625-668.
Bonet et al. 2007: H. Bonet, C. Mata y A. Moreno, “Paisaje y hábitat rural en el territorio edetano durante el Ibérico Pleno (siglos IV-IIIa.C.)”, en: A. Rodríguez e I. Pavón (eds.), Arqueología de la Tierra. Paisajes rurales de la protohistoria peninsular, Cáceres 2007, 247-275.
Broncano 1989: S. Broncano, El depósito votivo ibérico del Amarejo. Bonete (Albacete), Albacete 1989.
Burriel et al. 2011: J.M. Burriel et al., “El plomo escrito del Tos Pelat (Moncada, Valencia)”, PalHisp11, 2011, 191-224.
Camañes et al. 2010. M.P. Camañes, N. Moncunill, C. Padrós, J. Principal y J. Velaza, “Un nuevo plomo ibérico escrito en Monteró 1”, PalHisp10, 2010, 233-247.
Campmajo y Ferrer 2010: P. Campmajo y J. Ferrer i Jané, “Le nouveau corpus d’inscriptions ibériques rupestres de la Cerdagne (1): premiers résultats”, PalHisp 10, 2010, 249-274.
De Hoz 1998: J. de Hoz, “La epigrafía ibérica de los noventa”, ReIb 3, 1998, 127-151.
De Hoz 2000: J. de Hoz, “La leyenda monetal ikalesken (MLHA. 95)”, en: XCNN, Madrid 2000, 212-219.
De Hoz 2002:J. de Hoz, “El complejo su¬fijal -(e)sken de la lengua ibèrica”, PalHisp2, 2002, 159-168.
De Hoz 2011: J. de Hoz, Historia lingüística de la Península Ibérica en la antigüedad. II. El mundo ibérico preromano y la indoeuropeización. Madrid 2011.
Faria 2003: A. M. de Faria, “Crónica de ono¬mástica paleo-hispânica (6)”, RPA6.2, 2003, 313- 334.
Ferrer 2005: J. Ferrer i Jané, “Novetats sobre el sistema dual de diferenciació gràfica de les oclusives”, en: IXCLCP, Zaragoza 2005, 957-982.
Ferrer 2006: J. Ferrer i Jané, “Nova lectura de la inscripció ibèrica de La Joncosa”, Veleia 23, 2006, 127-167.
Ferrer 2007: J. Ferrer i Jané, “Sistemes de marques de valor lèxiques sobre monedes ibèriques”, Acta Numismàtica 37, 2007, 53-73.
Ferrer 2008: J. Ferrer i Jané, “Ibèric: kastaun: un element característic del lèxic sobre torteres”, Cypsela 17, 2008, 253-271.
Ferrer 2009: J. Ferrer i Jané, “El sistema de numerales ibérico: avances en su conocimiento”, em: XCLCP, Zaragoza 2009, 451-479.
Ferrer 2010a: J. Ferrer i Jané, “El sistema dual de l’escriptura ibèrica sud-oriental”, Veleia 27, 2010, 69-113.
Ferrer 2010b: J. Ferrer i Jané, “La llengua i l’escriptura ibèrica a la Cerdanya”, Ker 4, 2010, 50-59.
Ferrer 2011: J. Ferrer i Jané, “Ibèric baikar: un nou testimoni en un escif àtic de Sant Julià de Ramis”, Excavacions arqueològiques a lamuntanya de Sant Julià de Ramis 4, Girona 2011, 203-217.
Ferrer 2011b: J. Ferrer i Jané, “Sistemas metrológicos en textos ibéricos (1): del cuenco de La Granjuela al plomo de La Bastida”,ELEA11, 2011, 99-130.
Ferrer 2012: J. Ferrer i Jané, “La lengua de las leyendas monetales ibéricas”, en:A. G. Sinner y J. Barceló (eds.), La moneda de los íberos. Ilturo y los talleres layetanos, Premià de Mar 2012, 28-87.
Ferrer 2013a: J. Ferrer i Jané, “A propòsit d’un pes de pedra ibèric del Puig de la Misericòrdia (Vinaròs) de 41 gr amb la marca metrològica ‘o’”, QPAC31, 2013, 137-147.
Ferrer 2013b: J. Ferrer i Jané, “ḿltunśor: Un nou model de segell ibèric procedent de Ca l’Estrada (Canovelles, Barcelona)”, Saguntum 41, 2013, 161-169.
Ferrer y Escrivà 2013: J. Ferrer i Jané y V. Escrivà, “Quatre noves inscripcions ibèriques pintades procedents de Llíria“, en: XICLCP, Zaragoza 2013, 461-482.
Ferrer etal. 2009: J. Ferrer i Jané, I. Garcés, J.R. González Pérez, J. Principal y J.I. Rodríguez Duque, “Els materials arqueològics i epigràfics de Monteró (Camarasa, la Noguera). Troballes anteriors a les excavacions de 2002”, QPAC27, 2009, 109-154.
Ferrer y Giral 2007: J. Ferrer i Jané y F. Giral Royo, “A propósito de un semis de ildiŕda con leyenda erder. Marcas de valor léxicas sobre monedas ibéricas”. PalHisp 7, 2007, 45-61.
Ferrer y Sinner e.p.: J. Ferrer i Jané y A. G. Sinner: “Las inscripciones ibéricas de ilduro (Cabrera de mar, Barcelona)”, en preparación.
Fletcher 1947: D. Fletcher, “Exploraciones arqueológicas en la comarca de Casinos”, en: Comunicaciones del Servicio de Investigación Prehistórica al I Congreso Arqueológico del Levante Español,Valencia 1947, 65‐87.
Fletcher 1967: D. Fletcher, “ORLEYLIII, Plomo ibérico escrito procedente de Vall d’Uixó”, APL40, 1967, 51-59.
Fletcher y Bonet 1991-92: D. Fletcher y H. Bonet, “Bastida VI. Nuevo plomo iberico escrito de La Bastida de les Alcuses (Mogente, Valencia)”, AnMurcia7-8, 1991-92, 143-150.
Fletcher y Silgo1996: D. Fletcher y L. Silgo, “De nuevo sobre ponderales ibéricos”, Verdolay 7, 1996, 271-275.
Gil Farrés 1984: O. Gil Farrés, “Plomo con inscripción”, Boletín de la Asociación española de amigos de la Arqueología 19, 1984, 35.
Gorrochategui 1984: J. Gorrochategui, Onomástica antigua aquitana, Vitoria 1984.
Guérin y Silgo 1996: P. Guérin y L. Silgo, 1¬996, “Inscripción ibérica sobre plomo de Castellet de Bernabé (Llíria, Valencia)”, RAP, 1996, 1¬99 206.
Guitart etal. 1996: J. Guitart, J. Pera, M. Mayer y J. Velaza, “Noticia preliminar sobre una inscripción ibérica encontrada en Guissona (Lleida)”, en:VICLCP, Salamanca 1996, 163-170.
Lakarra 2010: J.A. Lakarra, “Haches, diptongos y otros detalles de alguna importancia: notas sobre numerales (proto)vascos y comparación vasco-ibérica (con un apéndice sobre hiri y otro sobre bat-bi)”, Veleia 27, 2010, 191-238.
Miró y García 1988: J. Miró y J. Pujol, “El dipòsit del sector occidental del poblat ibèric de Burriac (Cabrera de Mar. El Maresme). Una aportació al coneixement de I'època ibèrica tardana al Maresme (s. I a.C.)”,Laietania 4, 1988, 1-140.
Moncunill 2007: N. Moncunill, Lèxic d’inscripcions ibèriques (1991-2006). Tesis Doctoral: Universitat de Barcelona, 2007.
Moncunill y Velaza 2011: N. Moncunill y J. Velaza, “Abiner, Abinericus, Abinnericus”, Sylloge Epigraphica Barcinonensis 9, 2011, 59-62.
Orduña 2005: E. Orduña, “Sobre algunos posibles numerales en textos ibéricos”, en: XCLCP, Zaragoza 2005, 491-506.
Orduña 2006: E. Orduña,Segmentación de textos ibéricos y distribución de los segmentos, Tesis Doctoral:UNED, 2006.
Orduña 2011: E. Orduña, “Los numerales ibéricos y el protovasco”, Veleia 28, 2011, 125-139.
Orduña 2013: E. Orduña, “Los numerales ibéricos y el vascoiberismo”, en: XICLCP, Zaragoza 2013, 517-529.
Panosa 1993: M.I. Panosa, “Nuevas inscripciones ibéricas de Cataluña”, Complutum 4, 1993, 175-222.
Pérez 1993: S. Pérez, “Observaciones so¬bre los sufijos ibéricos”, FLV63, 221-229.
Quintanilla 2005: A. Quintanilla,“Palabras de contenido verbal en ibérico”, en: IXCLCP, Zaragoza 2005, 507-520.
Rébé et al. 2012: I. Rébé, J. de Hoz y E. Orduña, “Dos plomos ibéricos de Ruscino (Perpignan, P.-O.)”,PalHisp12, 2012, 211-255.
Rodríguez 2002: J. Rodríguez Ramos, “Índice crítico de formantes de compuesto de tipo onomástico en la lengua íbera”, Cypsela 14, 2002, 251-275.
Rodríguez 2004: J. Rodríguez Ramos, Análisis de epigrafía íbera, Vitoria-Gasteiz 2004.
Rodríguez 2005: J. Rodríguez Ramos, “Introducció a l’estudi de les inscripcions ibèriques”, Revista de la Fundació Privada Catalana per l’Arqueologia ibèrica 1, 2005, 13-144.
Rodríguez 2014: J. Rodríguez Ramos, “Nuevo Índice Crítico de formantes de compuestos de tipo onomástico íberos”, ArqueoWeb 15, 2014, 81-238
Rollston 2003: C. Rollston, “Non-provenanced epigraphs I: Pillaged antiqties, northwest Semitic forgeries, and protocols for laboratory test”, MAARAV 10, 2003, 135-193.
Rollston 2004: C. Rollston, “Non-provenanced epigraphs II: The status of non-provenanced epigraphs within the broader corpus of northwest Smiic”, MAARAV 11.1, 2004, 57-79.
Sanmartí 1988: E. Sanmartí, “Una carta en lengua ibérica, escrita sobre plmo, procedente de Emporion”, RAN 21, 1988, 95-113.
Siles 1985: J. Siles, Léxico de inscripciones ibéricas, Madrid, Epigrafia Hispanica, Madrid 1985.
Silgo 1994: L. Silgo, Léxico ibérico, Valencia, 1994.
Simón 2013: I. Simón, Los soportes de la epigrafía paleohispánica. Inscrciones sobre piedra, bronca y ceràmica,Zaragoza 2013.
Solier 1979: Y. Solier, “Découverte d’inscriptions sur plombs en écriture ibrique dans un entrepôt de Pech Maho (Sigean)”, RAN 12, 1979, 55-123.
Solier y Barbouteau 1988: Y. Solier y H. Barbouteau, “Découverte de nouveaux plombs, inscrits en ibère, dans la région de Narbonne”, RAN 21, 1988, 61-94.
Torija 2003: A. Torija, “Algunas consideraciones para el estudio de la epigrafía ibérica sobre vajilla de plata: El cuenco del Alcornocal”, PalHisp 3, 2003, 167-178.
Tovar 1954: A. Tovar “Sobre el planteamiento del problema Vasco-Ibérico”, ArchivumIV, 1954, 220-231.
Untermann 1975: J. Untermann, Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum, IDie Münzlegenden, Wiesbaden 1975.
Untermann 1980: J. Untermann, Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum, IIDie iberischen Inschriften ausSüdfrankreich. Wiesbaden 1980.
Untermann 1990: J. Untermann, Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum, IIIDie iberischen Inschriften aus Spanien, Wiesbaden 1990.
Untermann 1997: J. Untermann, Monumenta Linguarum Hispanicarum, IVDie tartessischen, keltiberischen und lusitanischen Inschriften, Wiesbaden 1997.
Untermann 1995: J. Untermann, “La lengua ibérica: Nuestro conocimiento y tareas futuras”, Veleia 12, 1995, 243-256.
Untermann 1998: J. Untermann, “Comentario sobre una lámina de plomo con inscripción ibérica de la colección D. Ricardo Marsal”, Habis 29, 1998, 7-22.
Velaza 1991: J. Velaza, Léxico de inscripciones ibéricas (1976-1989), Barcelona, 1991.
Velaza 1992: J. Velaza, “Sobre algunos aspectos de la falsificación en epigrafía ibèrica”, Fortunatae 3, 1992, 315-25.
Velaza 1996: J. Velaza, Epigrafía y lengua ibéricas, Barcelona 1996.
Velaza 2004: J. Velaza, “Dos nuevos plomos ibéricos en una colección privda”. PalHisp 4, 2004, 251-261.
Velaza 2009: J. Velaza, “Epigrafía y literacy paleohispánicas en territorio vascón: Notas para un balance provisional”, en: XCLCP, Zaragoza 2009, 61-622.
Velaza 2013: J. Velaza, “Tres inscripciones sobre plomo de La Carencia (Turís, Valencia)”,en: XICLCP, Zaragoza 2013, 539-550.
Vicente et al. 1993: J.D. Vicenteet al., “Las inscripciones de la casa de Likine”, en: VCLCP,Salamanca 1993,747-772.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Professional standards and ethical policies
a) Palaeohispanica’s editorial board
Details concerning the journal’s internal organization can be found at this website.
b) Authors’ responsibilities
As an implicit condition for publishing in Palaeohispanica, authors are expected to adhere to all the ethical and professional principles that are shared across all research fields and academic publications. By submitting a contribution for peer review, potential authors guarantee that their work is original, that it constitutes a significant contribution to its research field and has not been published elsewhere.
All submitted manuscripts ought to contain bibliographic references at the end of the paper as well as an indication of how the research that culminated in the article was funded.
Likewise, authors must agree to incorporate any relevant changes that peer reviewers suggest as well as to include any recommendations that the editorial committee includes in the manuscript’s proofs at the end of the editorial process.
The journal expects its authors, reviewers, editors and staff members to all conduct themselves professionally by treating others with respect and civility. Should any sort of untoward situation arise, such as (self) plagiarism, conflicts of interest or aggressive behaviour on the author’s part, the following actions will be taken:
- Plagiarism and the republication of articles
Plagiarism is defined as the reproduction of a text or other materials found in different publications without the original source being adequately cited. Accordingly, material can still be plagiarized even when it has been tweaked or paraphrased. Plagiarism constitutes a serious ethical violation; furthermore, there can be legal ramifications for violating an author’s rights in cases where the reproduced material has been previously published. Authors who want to cite published work must do so by including complete references to the original materials and by including any quotations within quotation marks. Graphs and images can only be reproduced with the express permission of the original author and must include a citation below said image or graphic according to the rules laid out on the journal’s website. If a peer reviewer or the editorial board detects any instance of plagiarism (whether of one’s own or another’s work), the manuscript will automatically be disqualified.
- Conflicts of interest
In most instances an individual who works at the same institution as an author or one of the co-authors is automatically barred from evaluating a potential contribution. The journal’s editors must always be aware of possible conflicts of interest and are required to recuse themselves from any decision-making process, whenever there is even the appearance of a possible conflict of interest.
c) The peer-review process
Palaeohispanica employs peers to evaluate externally all contributions, with this being understood as obtaining the opinion of an established expert over the merits of every potential contribution. In addition to completing the relevant form, reviewers are expected to suggest any pertinent bibliography that was not included in the original version of the manuscript.
Furthermore, the peer-review process is double blind, meaning that both authors’ anonymity as well as the reviewers’ impartiality and independence are guaranteed. Reader reviews will be treated with the utmost confidentiality. As is the case with all respectable research journals, the editors of Palaeohispanicawill not share with a third party the identity of a peer reviewer, the contents of his or her review or any correspondence resulting from the review process. Likewise, reviewers are required to adhere to the same strict standard of confidentiality: neither manuscripts nor the contents of any correspondence between an author and the editors can be shared with a third party without the written and express consent of the journal’s editors.
While strictly speaking authors are not held to the same standards (they can, for instance, solicit advice from co-authors and colleagues as they revise and amend a manuscript in accordance with the recommendations found in a reviewer’s report), the public airing of a reviewer’s report or of the correspondence with the editorial team constitutes untoward behavior. Any author who acts in such a way will automatically forfeit his or her right to the journal’s confidentiality.
- Aggressive behaviour
Should the editorial committee be made aware of any untoward behaviour on the author’s part towards external reviewers, other authors or the journal’s editors/staff, that author’s submission will immediately be withdrawn from the consideration process.
All participants in the publication process, including editors, authors, peer reviewers, and member’s of the journal’s staff are expected to meet basic standards of professional courtesy and to respect the fundamental rules and guidelines concerning the peer-review and publication processes. Under any circumstance, personal attacks and verbal assault (whether expressed orally or through writing) are completely unacceptable. Accordingly, the journal reserves the right to reject the contribution of any author who repeatedly violates these principles or refuses to cooperate with the editors and reviewers during the normal evaluation and publication processes.
d) Editorial ethics
The editorial team at Palaeohispanica will bring an end to any dishonest research practice by submitting every proposal to a careful review process that will begin before the selection of possible peer reviewers. Should anything questionable be detected, an author will be asked to provide relevant explanations and then be told to review his/her text so as to meet the journal’s quality standards. If an author does not make the requested changes, the manuscript will not be submitted for double-blind peer review and, accordingly, will not be published. The editorial board is always available to discuss and debate with authors any misunderstanding that could have given rise to such a situation.
e) Copyright and journal access
Journal content falls under the protection of licence Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA. Access the all journal content is open and free of charge.
f) Journal archive
Given that the Institución Fernando el Católico is an established and important publishing house, it is extremely unlikely that access to the journal’s contents could be compromised in anyway within the foreseeable future. The contents of Palaeohispanica will be stored in IFC’s servers even if the journal ceases to be published.
g) Ownership and management of the journal
The journal Palaeohispanica is edited and run by the institution «Fernando el Católico», an independent entity of the Excelentísima Diputación de Zaragoza.
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.
Privacy policy
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portabilityby contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
The IFC’s privacy and data protection policy can be consulted at https://tiendaifc.dpz.es/Sites/dpz/paginasPersonalizadas/Modelo2/inicio.aspx. It can also be found in the journal’s the top navigation menu: http://ifc.dpz.es/ojs/index.php/palaeohispanica/dpd
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.