New interpretation of four votive inscriptions from Soria and La Rioja
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36707/palaeohispanica.v0i15.45Keywords:
Epigraphy, Roman religion, Celtiberia, Votive altars, DivinitiesAbstract
In this paper, we study four votive altars from the Spanish provinces of Soria and La Rioja. The interpretation of these epigraphs has not been completely satisfactory up to the present. After an analysis of the monuments, we propose changes in the lecture of the theonyms, epithets and in the general structure of the inscriptions.
References
Abascal 1994: J.M. Abascal, Los nombres personales en las inscripciones latinas de Hispania,Murcia 1994.
Blázquez 1962: J.M. Blázquez, Religiones Primitivas de Hispania I. Fuentes Literarias y Epigráficas,Madrid 1962.
Camporredondo 1934: L. Camporredondo, Miscelánea. Reuerdo de Yanguas (Soria),Logroño 1934.
Elorza, Albertos y González 1980: J.C. Elorza, M.L. Albertos y A. Gonzá¬lez, Inscripciones romanas en La Rioja, Logroño 1980.
Encarnação 1987: J. de Encarnação, “Divindades indígenas da Lusitania”, Conimbriga 26, 1987, 5-37.
Espinosa 1986: U. Espinosa, Epigrafía romana de La Rioja, Logroño 1986.
Garabito y Solovera 1975: T. Garabito y M.E. Solovera, “Aras y estelas romanas de territorio berón”, Durius 3, 1975, 324-343.
García 1991: J.M. García, Religiões antigas de Portugal. Aditamentos e observações as “Religiões da Lusitania” de J. Leite de Vasconcelos, Lisboa 1991.
Gimeno y Ramírez 2001-02: H. Gimeno y M. Ramírez, “Precisiones a algu¬nos epígrafes latinos de la provincia de Soria”, Veleia 18-19, 2001-02, 291-309.
Gómez 1992: J. Gómez-Pantoja, “Nuevos testimonios epigráficos sorianos”, en: IISymposium de Arqueología Soriana, Soria 1992, 915-926.
Gómez 1997: J. Gómez-Pantoja, “Agua saludable y buenos pastos: recursos y visitantes de un área apartada en época romana”, en: M.J. Pérez Agorreta (ed.), Termalismo Antiguo. I Congreso Peninsular,Ma¬drid 1997, 277-281.
Gómez 1999: J. Gómez-Pantoja, “Viejas piedras, nuevas lecturas, II: lápidas romanas de Numancia y sus alrededores”, en: Homenaje al Profesor Montenegro. Estudios de Historia Antigua, Valladolid 1999, 539-551.
Gómez y García 1995: J. Gómez-Pantoja y F. García Palomar; “Nuevas inscripciones de S. Esteban de Gormaz (Soria)”, BSEAA 61, 1995, 185-191.
Holder 1896: A. Holder, Alt-Celtischer Sprachschatz, vol. I, Leipzig 1896.
Hübner 1871: E. Hübner, Noticias Archeológicas de Portugal, Lisboa 1871.
ILER: J. Vives, Inscripciones latinas de la España romana,Barcelona 1971.
Jimeno 1980: A. Jimeno, Epigrafía romana de la provincia de Soria,Soria 1980.
Kakoschke 2009: A. Kakoschke, Die Personennamen in der Römischen Provinz Räetien, Hildesheim-Zürich-Nueva York 2009.
Kakoschke 2011: A. Kakoschke, Die Personennamen im römischen Britannien,Hildesheim-Zürich-Nueva York 2011.
Lacroix 2007: J. Lacroix, Les noms d’origine gauloise. La Gaule des dieux, París 2007.
Moralejo 2005: J.J. Moralejo, “Hidrónimos galaicos con sufijo -antia”, Pal¬Hisp 5, 2005, 837-860.
Morestín 1976: H. Morestín, “Inscriptions religieuses et pierres funeraires iné¬dites ou peu connues de la provincial de Logroño”, AEspA49, 1976, 181-194.
Navarro et al. 2011: M. Navarro, J. Gorrochategui y J.M. Vallejo; “L’onomastique des Celtibères: de la dénomination indigène à la dénomination romaine”, en: M. Dondin-Payre (ed.), Les noms de personnes dans l’Empire romain,París 2011, 89-175.
Olivares 2002: J.C. Olivares Pedreño, Los Dioses de la Hispania Céltica,Madrid 2002.
Pascual y Pascual 1984: P. Pascual y H. Pascual, Carta arqueológica de La Rioja. El Cidacos,Logroño 1984.
Pokorny 1959: J. Pokorny, Indogermanisches Etymologisches WörterbuchI, Viena 1959.
Prósper 2002: B.M. Prósper, Lenguas y religiones prerromanas del Occidente de la Península Ibérica, Salamanca 2002.
Ribeiro 1989: J. Cardim Ribeiro, “O teónimo Vasegus”, Conimbriga 28, 1989, 121-156.
Solana y Hernández 2000: J.M. Solana y L. Hernández Guerra, Religión y sociedad en época romana en la Meseta Septentrional, Valladolid 2000.
Taracena 1941: B. Taracena, Carta arqueológica de España. Soria, Soria 1941.
Untermann 2001: J. Untermann, “La toponimia antigua como fuente de las lenguas hispano-celtas”, PalHisp 1, 2001, 187-218.
Untermann 2009: J. Untermann, “Antiguo Europeo en Hispania”, ELEA 9, 2009, 461-474.
Vallejo 2005: J.M. Vallejo, Antroponimia indígena de la Lusitania romana, Vitoria 2005.
Vasconcelos 1905: J.L. Vasconcelos, Religiões da Lusitania II, Lisboa 1905.
Villacampa 1980: M.A. Villacampa, Los Berones según las fuentes escritas, Logroño 1980.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Professional standards and ethical policies
a) Palaeohispanica’s editorial board
Details concerning the journal’s internal organization can be found at this website.
b) Authors’ responsibilities
As an implicit condition for publishing in Palaeohispanica, authors are expected to adhere to all the ethical and professional principles that are shared across all research fields and academic publications. By submitting a contribution for peer review, potential authors guarantee that their work is original, that it constitutes a significant contribution to its research field and has not been published elsewhere.
All submitted manuscripts ought to contain bibliographic references at the end of the paper as well as an indication of how the research that culminated in the article was funded.
Likewise, authors must agree to incorporate any relevant changes that peer reviewers suggest as well as to include any recommendations that the editorial committee includes in the manuscript’s proofs at the end of the editorial process.
The journal expects its authors, reviewers, editors and staff members to all conduct themselves professionally by treating others with respect and civility. Should any sort of untoward situation arise, such as (self) plagiarism, conflicts of interest or aggressive behaviour on the author’s part, the following actions will be taken:
- Plagiarism and the republication of articles
Plagiarism is defined as the reproduction of a text or other materials found in different publications without the original source being adequately cited. Accordingly, material can still be plagiarized even when it has been tweaked or paraphrased. Plagiarism constitutes a serious ethical violation; furthermore, there can be legal ramifications for violating an author’s rights in cases where the reproduced material has been previously published. Authors who want to cite published work must do so by including complete references to the original materials and by including any quotations within quotation marks. Graphs and images can only be reproduced with the express permission of the original author and must include a citation below said image or graphic according to the rules laid out on the journal’s website. If a peer reviewer or the editorial board detects any instance of plagiarism (whether of one’s own or another’s work), the manuscript will automatically be disqualified.
- Conflicts of interest
In most instances an individual who works at the same institution as an author or one of the co-authors is automatically barred from evaluating a potential contribution. The journal’s editors must always be aware of possible conflicts of interest and are required to recuse themselves from any decision-making process, whenever there is even the appearance of a possible conflict of interest.
c) The peer-review process
Palaeohispanica employs peers to evaluate externally all contributions, with this being understood as obtaining the opinion of an established expert over the merits of every potential contribution. In addition to completing the relevant form, reviewers are expected to suggest any pertinent bibliography that was not included in the original version of the manuscript.
Furthermore, the peer-review process is double blind, meaning that both authors’ anonymity as well as the reviewers’ impartiality and independence are guaranteed. Reader reviews will be treated with the utmost confidentiality. As is the case with all respectable research journals, the editors of Palaeohispanicawill not share with a third party the identity of a peer reviewer, the contents of his or her review or any correspondence resulting from the review process. Likewise, reviewers are required to adhere to the same strict standard of confidentiality: neither manuscripts nor the contents of any correspondence between an author and the editors can be shared with a third party without the written and express consent of the journal’s editors.
While strictly speaking authors are not held to the same standards (they can, for instance, solicit advice from co-authors and colleagues as they revise and amend a manuscript in accordance with the recommendations found in a reviewer’s report), the public airing of a reviewer’s report or of the correspondence with the editorial team constitutes untoward behavior. Any author who acts in such a way will automatically forfeit his or her right to the journal’s confidentiality.
- Aggressive behaviour
Should the editorial committee be made aware of any untoward behaviour on the author’s part towards external reviewers, other authors or the journal’s editors/staff, that author’s submission will immediately be withdrawn from the consideration process.
All participants in the publication process, including editors, authors, peer reviewers, and member’s of the journal’s staff are expected to meet basic standards of professional courtesy and to respect the fundamental rules and guidelines concerning the peer-review and publication processes. Under any circumstance, personal attacks and verbal assault (whether expressed orally or through writing) are completely unacceptable. Accordingly, the journal reserves the right to reject the contribution of any author who repeatedly violates these principles or refuses to cooperate with the editors and reviewers during the normal evaluation and publication processes.
d) Editorial ethics
The editorial team at Palaeohispanica will bring an end to any dishonest research practice by submitting every proposal to a careful review process that will begin before the selection of possible peer reviewers. Should anything questionable be detected, an author will be asked to provide relevant explanations and then be told to review his/her text so as to meet the journal’s quality standards. If an author does not make the requested changes, the manuscript will not be submitted for double-blind peer review and, accordingly, will not be published. The editorial board is always available to discuss and debate with authors any misunderstanding that could have given rise to such a situation.
e) Copyright and journal access
Journal content falls under the protection of licence Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA. Access the all journal content is open and free of charge.
f) Journal archive
Given that the Institución Fernando el Católico is an established and important publishing house, it is extremely unlikely that access to the journal’s contents could be compromised in anyway within the foreseeable future. The contents of Palaeohispanica will be stored in IFC’s servers even if the journal ceases to be published.
g) Ownership and management of the journal
The journal Palaeohispanica is edited and run by the institution «Fernando el Católico», an independent entity of the Excelentísima Diputación de Zaragoza.
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.
Privacy policy
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portabilityby contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
The IFC’s privacy and data protection policy can be consulted at https://tiendaifc.dpz.es/Sites/dpz/paginasPersonalizadas/Modelo2/inicio.aspx. It can also be found in the journal’s the top navigation menu: http://ifc.dpz.es/ojs/index.php/palaeohispanica/dpd
Names and email addresses submitted to this journal will only be used for tasks related to the journal and will not be shared with any third party or used for any other purpose.
In accordance with the Regulation UE 2016/679, information gathered by the Institución Fernando el Católico de la Excma. Diputación de Zaragoza (IFC) will be used for carrying out the functions of an academic publication, the handling of claims, appeals, complaints, suggestions, surveys as well as any other activity involved in the management of the journal.
Cubic Factory is in charge of handling said data. They can be contacted at cubic@cubicfactory.com.
Data can be given to public agencies with the relevant competencies and in case of legal obligations.
Those who are interested can exercise their rights of access, correction, suppression, limitation of the use, opposition and portability by contacting ifc@dpz.es.
Users can also go to the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos to make any complaints that they feel is necessary.
User information will be kept during the period in which it is needed to complete the task for which said information was provided in the first place or for the period necessary to comply with any legal obligations. Once a given objective has been completed, personal data that is not part of fulfillment of public service will be blocked until the applicable period has ended.
Ethical and confidentiality policy of Palaeohispanica can be consulted here.